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Plants
as Ingredients for OfferingsPlants as Ingredients
for Offerings
God
creates plants for the survival of living
creatures, including humans. Without plants,
human beings will lose their source of oxygen
that is tremendously important for their
survival.
 In
an agrarian community, plants become essential
commodities. Except for having a high economic
value, plants also function as an ingredient
of worshiping to God. There are various
sorts of plants that are commonly used as
ingredients for rites, namely Panca Yadnya.
Panca Yadnya is five kinds of holy sacrifices
performed in Bali, namely Dewa Yadnya (usually
performed at temples or ancestral altars);
Rsi Yadnya (sacrifice for Maharsi/Priest);
Manusa Yadnya (sacrifice for humans like
marriage, ngaben etc.); Pitra Yadnya (for
ancestors like memukur) and Bhuta Yadnya
(for invisible plane or bhutas).
The following are the kinds of plants that
are commonly used as contents for offerings.
There are 19 kinds of nyuh (coconuts) that
are used as ingredients for rituals, namely
Nyuh Surya, Nyuh Cenik, Nyuh Bulan, Nyuh
Gading, Nyuh Rangda, Nyuh Gadang, Nyuh Be
Julit, Nyuh Udang, Nyuh Kapas, Nyuh Bebed,
Nyuh Sudamala, Nyuh Mulung, Nyuh Naga, Nyuh
Kebat, Nyuh Bojog, Nyuh Anggalan, Nyuh Beruk/Nyuh
Gede, Nyuh Macan/Nyuh Pelet/Nyuh Rengreng,
Nyuh Empas. Nyuh Sangket. Nyuh Bingin. Nyuh
Ancak.
Flowers (bunga) that are frequently used
for ingredients of offerings are Bunga Ratna,
Bunga Pucuk Bang (red hibiscus), Bunga Menori,
Bunga Tunjung (water lily), Bunga Blangsah,
Bunga Merak Kuning (yellow peacock), Bunga
Trijata, Bunga Menuh (jasmine), Bunga Pudak,
Bunga Selasih Minyik, Bunga Tuwung, Bunga
Kamajaya-Kama Ratih, Bunga Landep-Landep,
Bunga Delima, Bunga Kuwanta, Bunga Jepun
(frangipani).
There are also several kinds of leafs (daun)
that are often used for ingredients for
offerings such as Daun Tebel-tebel, Daun
Andon, Daun Andong Bang, Daun Putih Kalah,
Daun Tampak Bila, Daun Tampak Liman, Daun
Miana Cemeng, Daun Basa-Basa, Daun trotok
Pisang, Daun Base, Daun Kedudu, Daun Jempiring,
Daun Paku Pidpid, Daun Kayu Sugih, Daun
Mas, Daun Pelasa, Daun Kumbang, Daun Simbar
Menjangan, Daun Menuh, Daun Paku Aji, Daun
Sukasti, Daun Padi-padian, Daun Kesisat
Kesawi, Daun Salak, Daun Sente, Daun Selasih,
Daun Temen, Daun Intaran, Daun Panda, Daun
Pandan arum, Daun Pandan Wong, Daun Pakis,
Daun Katugtugan, Daun Pakis Kidang Plaspas,
Daun Mendep, Daun Tuwung Kanji, Daun Tuwung
Bola, Daun Dalem, Daun Piduh.
Then various bamboo (Tiying) such as: Tiying
Tali, Tiying Gelepung, Tiying Santong, Tiying
Tamblang, Tiying Tutul, Tiying Ampel; Tiying
Ampel Gading; Tiying Buluh; Tiying Buluh
Gading, Tying Ori, Tiying Gesing.
Twigs (kayu) that are used for offerings
are: Bingin (banyan tree), Kepuh, Pule,
Teja, Ancak, Gatep (otheite chestnut), Dapdap,
Dapdap Wong, Sukasti, Cemara, Intaran, Nagasari,
Gegirang, Sisih, Menori (medori) Barak,
Menori (medori) Putih, Pangi, Tingkih, Pala,
Kapuk/Kutuh, Sandat, Tulak, Kapas (cotton),
Cendana (sandalwood), Majegau, Delima merah,
Delima Putih, Delima Ireng, Delima Wanta,
Aa, Canging, Waru, Lateng, Kelor, Bunut
Oot, Panggal Buaya, Juet Nasi (java plum),
Tengulun, Blimbing (star fruit), Cereme
(otaheite gooseberry), Tibah, Blimbing Buluh,
Pundung putih, Pundung Barak, Sentul, Nyambu
Putih, Nyambu Barak, Nyambu Ratna, Utu,
Poh Gading, Poh Gandarasa, Poh Gedang, Poh
Pakel, Poh Amplem, Poh Angus, Pakel, Boni,
Lampa, Juwet, Nangka, Kemoning, Melinjo,
Pungut, Tigaron, Cempaka Putih, Cempaka
Kuning, Cempaka Gedong, Rijasa, Duren (durian),
Mangis (mangosteen), Jerungga, Ceroring,
Bluluk, Bila, Sukun (breadfruit), Timbul
(breadnut), Cengurit, Kostal, Punajiwa.
Biu (banana) that are used for offerings
such as Biu Kayu, Biyu Gancan, Biyu Payasan,
Biu Sasih, Biu Mas, Biu Mas Gading, Biu
Gadang, Biu Temaga, Biu Susu, Biu Dang Saba,
Biu Sangraja, Biu Gregah, Biu Lalung, Biu
Ketip, Biu Ketip Keladi, Biu Bali, Biu Sangket,
Biu Dak Nangka, Biu Batu.
Pala Gantung (hanging fruits) that are used
for offerings are: Sotong (guava), Salak
(snake fruit), Manas (pineapple), Gedang
(papaya), Paya (bitter gourd).
Pala bungkah (roots) that are used for offerings
such as Keladi (taro), Biah-Biah, Ubi (cassava),
Sela (yam), Sekapa/Gadung, Ubi Sikep, Sela
Kutuh.
Temu (wild ginger) that are used for offerings
such as: Temu Gongseng, Temu Tis, Temu Ireng,
Temu Giring, Temu Agung, Temu Poh, temu
Lawak, Temu Kunci.
Buah (fruits) that are used for offerings
such as: Buah Sari, Buah Gangga, Buah Biasa,
Peji, Uduh, Bergu.
Cucumbers (ketimun) that are used for offerings
are: Ketimun Gantung, Ketimun Putih, Ketimun
Guling, Paya (bitter gourd), Lisah, Waluh
(pumpkin), Semangka (watermelon), Jepang
(chayote).
Eggplants (tuwung) that are used for offerings
are Tuwung Kanji, Tuwung Kokak, Tuwung Bola,
Tuwung Tanah, Tuwung Butuh Sampi.
Kinds of sugar cane (tebu) used for offerings
are Tebu Malem/Cemeng, Tebu Biasa/Putih,
Tebu Rajuna (arjuna), Tebu ratu, Tebu Tulang,
Tebu Sale, Tebu Ireng, Tebu Lilit.
Assorted kinds of grass (padang) used for
offerings are as follows Padang kawat, Padang
Lepas, Padang Gereman, Padang Kasna.
(BTN/para)
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